Wednesday, October 5, 2011

Is Domain Driven Design always applicable?

Disclamer: This blog post discusses use of DDD in information centric systems, which in my experience is most of the systems out there. It does probably not apply to technical software such as compilers and operating systems.

In my opinion the answer to the question in the title depends on how you define DDD. Do you do DDD if you do not use all technical building blocks? I think so. Is DDD more than the tachnical building blocks? I definately think so.

Personally, I would opt for using DDD in almost any situation but those that I know for sure will not evolve for more than a day or so and where I'm dead sure of the requirements. In any other situation I would start building the Ubiquitous language together with the domain experts to get a common vocabulary. This doesn't sound so much, but it is huge to avoiding expensive misunderstandings.

For the systems architecture I would always deploy the strategy to keep business logic and infrastructure code separated. It makes wonders for readability and testability. My rule of thumb is that business logic should be easily testable using unit tests (and end-to-end tests independent of the run-time environment) and infrastructure code should be so simple you generally need no other testing but a few basic integration tests.

For design my strategy is to keep the code close to the business in terminology, structure and logic. This is important to make sure that the impact of a change is about equal in size in both business and software. Here the ubiquitous language is an absolute need.

Then we come to the technical building blocks and now it is time for some choices. In general I think you could talk about two types of systems, or parts of systems; those mostly concerned with changes in object state and those mostly concerned with processing data streaming through the system.

In the first case entities, aggregates and repositories are a natural fit, in the second I think transaction scripts (in DDD context called domain services, since they do only concern domain logic, no infrastructure code, as per discussed above) are a nice fit. When the most important feature is to crunch some data, perhaps modify it and then route it further to some recepient (like another system or some persistent store) I think it is the "processing pipeline", i.e the stateless service code, that should be emphazised. So in those cases the internals of the data isn't very interesting and might be better left in some simple DTO format.

Whether going with entities or servicies I think the practice of using typed value objects for input parameters give a lot in terms of clarity and IDE-support when writing and reading the code. From a technical perspective, this is the easiest DDD building block to use and I think it has great advantages even if it is the only part of DDD that you apply to the system.

In conclusion, for the types of information systems I've been developing over the years DDD is the way to do it, however that doesn't necessarily mean everything should be entities or value objects. DDD is so much more.

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